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View from the east | |
Location | Blue Hills Reservation, Milton, Massachusetts |
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Coordinates | 42°12′43″N71°6′51″W / 42.21194°N 71.11417°WCoordinates: 42°12′43″N71°6′51″W / 42.21194°N 71.11417°W |
Built | 1885 |
Architect | Arthur Rotch; George T. Tilden |
Architectural style | Late Gothic Revival |
MPS | Blue Hills and Neponset River Reservations MRA |
NRHP reference No. | 80000665 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | September 25, 1980[1] |
Designated NHL | December 20, 1989[2] |
The Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, also known as Great Blue Hill Weather Observatory, Blue Hill Weather Observatory, or simply the Blue Hill Observatory, in Milton, Massachusetts is the foremost structure associated with the history of weather observations in the United States. Located atop Great Blue Hill at the junction of Interstate 93 and Route 138 about 10 miles (16 km) south of Boston, Massachusetts, it is home to the oldest continuous weather record in North America, and was the location of the earliest kite soundings of the atmosphere in North America in the 1890s, as well as the development of the radiosonde in the 1930s.
Founded by Abbott Lawrence Rotch in 1884, the observatory took a leading role in the newly emerging science of meteorology and was the scene of many of the first scientific measurements of upper atmosphere weather conditions, using kites to carry weather instruments aloft. Knowledge of wind velocities, air temperature and relative humidity at various levels came into use as vital elements in weather prediction due to techniques developed at this site. By 1895 the observatory was the source of weather forecasts of remarkable accuracy. On October 8, 1896, a record of 8740 feet (2,665 m) was achieved for a weather kite.[3] During the Great New England Hurricane of 1938, the observatory measured the strongest wind gust ever directly measured and recorded in a hurricane at 186 mph (299 km/h).[4]
The observatory remains active to this day, continuing to add to its database of weather observations now more than one hundred years old, and stands as a monument to the science of meteorology in the United States.
The observatory offers meteorological science programs and is open to the public on weekends.
The Blue Hill Observatory Science Center Inc.: Great date spot! - See 19 traveler reviews, 7 candid photos, and great deals for Milton, MA, at Tripadvisor. Massachusetts is also home to the highest ranked private high school in the United States, Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, which was founded in 1778. Massachusetts's per-student public expenditure for elementary and secondary schools was eighth in the nation in 2012, at $14,844. Save Illusions The Drag Queen Show Boston - Drag Queen Dinner Show - Boston, MA to your collection. Sun, Feb 7, 1:00 PM + 13 more events SUNDAY BRUNCH N' DAY PARTY Savvor Lounge, Boston. Chris Harrison is an American television and game show host. He shot to fame when he hosted the ABC TV reality dating show ‘The Bachelor' in 2002. The show, which aired its 24th season from January to March 2020, became a massive hit and paved way for several spinoffs.
History[edit]
Site[edit]
The Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory was founded by American meteorologist Abbott Lawrence Rotch (1861–1912) in 1884. By the time he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1884, Rotch had conceived and carried into execution his plans for the erection of a meteorological observatory on the summit of the Great Blue Hill, ten miles south of Boston, Massachusetts in the Blue Hills Reservation, a 6,000-acre (24 km²) public park managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.
Rotch chose the site because the elevation of 635 feet was the highest point within ten miles of the Atlantic Ocean, on the East Coast south of central Maine. The Observatory was founded as a weather station and research facility. This location afforded early weather scientists a unique opportunity for recording extremes of weather and experimenting with weather-recording instruments.
The observatory building was completed by the end of 1884 and the first regular observations were begun on February 1, 1885. Rotch became the first director of the observatory and maintained it at his own expense until his death in 1912 when he bequeathed it to Harvard University with an endowment of $50,000.
The building[edit]
Construction of the observatory was started by Rotch in 1884 using his own private funds, and designed by architects Rotch & Tilden. The original structure consisted of a two-story circular tower and an adjoining housing unit which contained two bedrooms, a dining room and a kitchen. In 1889, a two-story east wing was added to provide additional working space for research, domestic chores, and the library. In 1902, a two-story west wing containing a new library was added to provide additional work space. A steel fire door and brick wall connect the library to the earlier masonry structure. A timbrel vault (18 by 35 ft) of cohesive tiles spans the library. The timbrel vault tile roof is believed to have been installed by the Guastavino Company using an extremely tenacious mortar developed by Rafael Guastavino, the founder of the firm.
Native stone, gathered from the summit of the Great Blue Hill, was used for the two-story tower, adjoining housing unit, and the east and west wings. Copper sheathing was used for roofing. A stone wall and iron fence were erected in 1905 to provide security for the building and instruments and privacy for the staff. The original stone tower eventually proved to be unsuitable. Wind-driven rain penetrated its walls, damaging the instruments and records. Vibration from the instruments on masts atop the tower contributed to the structural problems.
In 1908, the original tower was demolished and a new reinforced three-story late Gothic Revival concrete tower, 20 feet 6 inches wide and 32 feet 8 inches high was constructed in its place. The concrete construction of the tower was chosen specifically to provide the maximum amount of stability and durability in the event of high winds. The tower has a crenelated top and a cornice containing dentils. The windows are double-hung sash with a shallow recessed arch over the windows on the first and second floors.
Milton Massachusetts Killings
The new tower provided the durable weather-resistant, vibration-free environment necessary for accurate instrument readings. The first floor of the tower contains the director's office. The weather bureau is on the second floor and a laboratory and access to the roof are found on the third floor. Various wind gauges and other meteorological recording instruments are attached to the roof of the tower. The observatory still retains barometers and other instrumentation dating from the late 19th century. These instruments are used to calibrate the modern instrumentation to preserve the accuracy and integrity of the data base dating back to 1885.
In 1962, a metal tower containing a siderostat for collecting the sun's rays and directing them by mirrors to an optical bench inside the observatory, was erected adjacent to the west wing for studies related to the upper atmosphere. This project was abandoned after a few years. This tower, with its mirrors still present, is no longer in use.
The observatory has been neglected for a number of years. Although the structure is generally weather-tight, due to both solid construction and a copper roof, the reinforced concrete tower is plagued by the elements. The frost-thaw cycle has caused some cracking and spalling of the concrete.
In 1980, the building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as 'Great Blue Hill Weather Observatory', as part of a multiple property nomination by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts entitled 'Prehistoric and Historic Resources of the Blue Hills and Neponset River Reservations and Selected Adjacent Lands'.
In 1981, the Metropolitan District Commission transferred responsibility for the observatory to the Blue Hill Weather Club, a local group of supporters, who plan to restore the observatory and establish a weather museum on the site. The observatory will be kept open to continue its record of continuous weather observations. The National Weather Service continues to operate an Automated Surface Observing System at the site.
A white marble stone containing a summary record of climatological data from 1885 to 1984 and dedicated to the memory of Abbott Lawrence Rotch is located on the front yard of the building.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989 with name 'Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory'.[2][5]
History of its operations[edit]
Under Rotch's leadership, the Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory quickly became famous for its pioneering studies of the upper atmosphere. The study of cloud heights, directions and velocities that Rotch carried out at the Blue Hill Observatory made significant contributions to the knowledge of clouds in the early years of the 20th century.
Rotch continued to work at the Blue Hill Observatory until his death on April 7, 1912. Under the terms of his will, the observatory was given to Harvard University with an endowment of $50,000 for operating costs. Harvard operated the observatory until 1971 when it disassociated itself from the site. The Rotch endowment was kept by Harvard.
After 1912, the Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory continued to operate as an active meteorological observatory. Weather observations and recordings have continued to this day, providing modern meteorologists with a record of uninterrupted climatological observations that is unique in the world.[6]
Since these recordings were obtained from the same site with virtually no environmental change, they provide an important index to climate change. This information is of special importance to students of climatic change, in an age where so many weather records are flawed by environmental and procedural changes, and by repeated moves of the observing site over a number of years. For this reason, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration designated the Blue Hill Observatory one of 26 International Benchmark stations within the United States.
During the 1950s, the site housed a research group that used radar to scan approaching thunder storms as far away as western New York State, as part of an inquiry into the causes of lightning. Findings by this group were instrumental in the development of the US weather radar program. The installation consisted of a steel tower supporting a second-hand military radar set, several Quonset huts and box trailers, surrounded by a chain-link fence. Group members were on call to monitor the radar whenever severe storms could be observed. Data were also collected from a network of amateur co-operative observers who corresponded by mail. This era coincided with the end of the long career of the famous Director of the Observatory, Dr. Charles Brooks, said to be one of the few who accurately forecast the path of the destructive Hurricane of September, 1938.
Accomplishments[edit]
Since 1885, the staff of the observatory and others have documented the scientific work completed at the Blue Hill Observatory in almost 900 scientific publications. The Observatory's first century is a distinguished history of contribution to the development of meteorology.[7] Measurements at the observatory have continued on a daily basis since the day it first opened in 1885, making the observatory one of the oldest continually active weather and climate monitoring stations in the United States.[8]
Dating Show Milton Massachusetts Obituaries
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'National Register Information System'. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
- ^ ab'Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory'. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
- ^'Fragments of Science'. Popular Science Monthly: 137. November 1897. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- ^'ANNIVERSARY OF GREAT NEW ENGLAND HURRICANE OF 1938' http://www.bluehill.org/Data/2010/september/sep21.txt
- ^Harry Butowsky (May 1, 1989). 'National Register of Historic Places Registration: Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory'. National Park Service.Cite journal requires
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(help) and Accompanying four photos, exterior and memorial plaque, from 1984 and 1985(32 KB) - ^Blue Hill Observatory and Science Center. The Blue Hill Observatory: Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
- ^Conover, J. H., The Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory: The First 100 Years, 1885-1985, American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, 514 pp., 1990.
- ^National Park Service. Astronomy and Astrophysics: Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory.Archived 2006-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory. |
- Blue Hill Observatory & Science Center - official site
The exquisitely modern and picturesque town of Milton, Massachusetts is the perfect backdrop for igniting the flames of a romantic relationship. The gorgeous tree-lined streets of this community can help set the mood for a terrific date. Plus, if you're wondering about some unique and couple-friendly restaurants where you can meet up with someone new, you have plenty of options.
These five romantic spots near Milton, MA are wonderful for all types of lovebirds–from intimate married couples to casual blind dates–looking to enjoy a delicious meal in an enchanting setting.
Abby Park
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Modern-American Cuisine
$$- Average
Address: 550 Adams Street, Milton, MA 02186
Phone: (617) 696-8700
Website: http://www.abbypark.com/
As the 2014 winner of Open Table's Diners Choice Award, Abby Park presents you with an opportunity to enjoy a reasonably-priced, superior dining experience. Located in the center of East Milton Square, Abby Park supports local artists by proudly displaying artwork in its ritzy dining area. Serving American cuisine with international influences, Abby Park has numerous delectable menu items and boasts the first full bar in the area. Experience first-hand the compassion Executive Chef Tony DeRienzo has for cooking once you and your date try the acclaimed scallops with lobster risotto. Count on Lunchdates.com to provide you with not only the best in professional matchmaking services, but also top choice restaurants for dates in Milton, MA.
Steel and Rye
Modern-American Cuisine
$$$- Expensive
Address: 95 Eliot Street, Milton, MA 02186
Phone: (617) 690-2787
Website: http://steelandrye.com/
If your idea of the perfect date involves refurbished metal and a boisterous crowd, Steel and Rye can make the best stomping grounds for couples with an edge. The acoustics in the space make it seem loud, but, really, it's a terrific location for a first-time meetup because the constant sound allows for no awkward silences. This restaurant, rumored to be 'the best kept secret of Milton', specializes in serving American dishes ranging from reinvented brunch items like the 'Anadama French Toast' and 'The Burger' (i.e. Niman Ranch Beef accompanied by crispy shallots and Vermont cheddar on a brioche bun) to an array of originative dinner options. The meal can easily flow from day to night thanks to the bar and extensive drinks menu.
88 Wharf
Contemporary American Cuisine
$$- Average
Address: 88 Wharf Street, Milton, MA 02186
Phone: (857) 598-4826
Website: http://www.88wharf.com/
Enjoy a scenic meal overlooking the Neponset River at the popular and atmospheric restaurant, 88 Wharf. Nosh on appetizers like tuna tartar and calamari while you await the incredible entrees including chicken piccata and grilled swordfish. Lounge on the outdoor patio and enjoy a cool breeze while you amaze at just how much the two of you have in common thanks to professional matchmaking at Lunchdates. 88 Wharf gets full marks from raving guests for attentive staff, great menu items, and the impeccable views. Riverfront dining has never been so tasty.
Ichiro Sushi
Japanese Cuisine, Seafood
$$- Average
Address: 538 A Adams Street, Milton, MA 02186
Phone: (617) 698-8832
Website: http://www.ichirosushi.com/home/home.html
For all the sushi lovers, Ichiro is the top choice in Milton, MA for an ambient environment, delicious Asian food, and prices that are easy on your wallet. Explore different types of sushi rolls as you learn one another's likes and dislikes, making a first date experience more interesting and fun. Dine at the sushi bar and share your past and present while observing the experienced chefs create a wide range of sushi rolls. The both of you will rave about the time you had at this wonderful Japanese dining establishment.
L'Espalier
New England- French Cuisine
$$$$- Very Expensive
Address: 774 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199
Phone: (617) 262-3023
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Website: http://www.lespalier.com/index.shtml
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If you're looking to venture out towards the Boston area for your date, you're in for the ultimate sophisticated fine dining experience at L'Espalier. Neighboring the Mandarin Oriental on Boylston Street, this restaurant, with its several luxurious dining areas, is attributed as being the first of its kind offering haute cuisine in the city. Owner and Chef Frank McClelland takes pride in offering only the most fresh and local ingredients in premium dishes. Proclaimed as a 'foodie's dream', you can even upgrade to a Chef's Table which features an unforgettable experience in the heart of the L'Espalier kitchen.
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